It is thought that shyness and social anxiety disorder are the same terms, however, they overlap in certain domains. Shyness constitutes a motivation for avoidance whereas sociability constitutes a motivational tendency for approach. Social Anxiety Disorder is an extreme form of shyness and it is also known as social phobia. SAD is characterized by fear of embarrassment, rejection, humiliation, and being judged in social situations.¹

Prevalence study of SAD in young people:

A survey was done in which 6825 participants aged 16–29 years from seven countries were selected (Brazil, China, Indonesia, Pakistan, Russia, Thailand, US and Vietnam). The prevalence of SAD was found to be higher than previously reported, with more than 1 in 3 (36%) individuals meeting the criteria of SAD. Additionally, 1 in 6 (18%) perceived themselves as not having social anxiety. This data shows that social anxiety is a great concern for young adults all around the world.²

Causes:

There is a combination of contributing factors including genetics and environmental factors such as a family member with SAD who either has a genetic risk, a history of stressful events, or overprotective parenting a style that leaves children unprepared to handle challenges and situations, physical deformations i.e. Scars, burns, etc.³

Symptoms:

SAD is characterized by symptoms that include worry, social and performance fear, unexpected/triggered panic attacks, avoidance behavior, shortness of breath, dizziness, shaky voice, sweating, and pounding heartbeat. Some other symptoms include intense fear of social situation, avoidance of doing things or speaking to people out of fear of embarrassment and being noticed and judged.⁴

Stigmas of SAD:

Social anxiety is always misunderstood and highly stigmatized. The major stigma is that feeling socially anxious is a personal failing or a sign of weakness. Another cause can be a cultural emphasis on sociability and extroversion. This cultural bias can induce feelings of shame in those with social anxiety disorder.⁵

Impact of SAD on academic performance:

Social anxiety disorder is also associated with reduced educational achievement. Educational achievement is predicted by concentration and social anxiety symptoms are associated with reduced concentration in class which can eventually result in reduced educational performance.So early diagnosis of SAD can minimize the long-term socioeconomic impact.⁶

Precautionary measures to stop social anxiety in its earlier phase:

We can prevent social anxiety from adolescence age by multiple components, such as exposure to multiple social situations, educating the youth about SAD, focusing on progress instead of perfection, and teaching relaxation strategies and problem-solving skills.⁷

Treatments:

There are several effective treatments for social anxiety disorder. The best psychological treatment is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) which is usually delivered in individual or group format. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is also very effective. Various medicines, especially Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are productive. Breathing exercises, mindfulness, yoga, and meditation are also beneficial for managing stress.⁸